01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add pasta and cook until just al dente, about 1-2 minutes less than package instructions. Drain and set aside.
03 - Steam or blanch broccoli florets for 2-3 minutes until bright green and slightly tender. Drain well and set aside.
04 - In a large saucepan, melt butter over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté for 1 minute. Pour in heavy cream and bring to a gentle simmer. Whisk in 1 cup Parmesan cheese until sauce is thick and smooth. Season with salt, black pepper, and nutmeg if using.
05 - In a large mixing bowl, combine cooked pasta, chicken, broccoli, and Alfredo sauce. Stir until all ingredients are thoroughly coated.
06 - Transfer the mixture into the prepared baking dish. Sprinkle shredded mozzarella and 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese evenly over the top.
07 - Bake uncovered for 20-25 minutes until the casserole is bubbling and golden brown on top.
08 - Allow to stand for 5 minutes before serving. Garnish with chopped parsley if desired.